Emerging strategies for durable Pt catalysts in PEMFCs

The performance and longevity of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are strongly influenced by the stability of platinum-based (Pt-based) catalysts. While significant progress has been made in enhancing catalytic activity, long-term degradation under harsh electrochemical conditions remains a critical challenge. This perspective reviews recent advances in understanding and mitigating the degradation mechanisms affecting Pt-based catalysts. It first examines key processes such as metal dissolution, catalyst poisoning, structural degradation, and carbon support corrosion that collectively impair catalytic performance. Next, it highlights emerging strategies to improve catalyst durability, including alloying, doping, and surface engineering techniques aimed at reinforcing both the Pt catalyst and its carbon support. Finally, it proposes potential pathways for the rational design of next-generation catalysts that combine high stability with superior efficiency for PEMFC applications.