Co/N-codoped hierarchical porous carbon nanoreactors for catalytic polysulfide conversion in long-cycling potassium–sulfur batteries

. Mechanistic studies reveal that the synergistic effect between Co species and N-doping sites effectively accelerates the redox kinetics of polysulfides, thereby significantly suppressing the shuttle effect. This work provides a rational nanoreactor design strategy for regulating potassium polysulfide chemistry toward durable K-S batteries.