The basic principle of probabilistic neural network (PNN) is introduced; the theory of the neural network is used in the way of the fault diagnosis of it in this paper. The multiple and separated frequency in the spectrum are taken as the characteristic factor, and the sample of the fault is established and the probabilistic neural network neural network is trained based on the symptom diagnosis. The result shows that probabilistic neural network can overcome the local optimization of BPNN and can meet the requirement for fast diagnosis rate and high diagnosis precision during fault diagnosis process, so probabilistic neural network can be used in the real time diagnosis, and the fault diagnosis based on probabilistic neural network is useful.