In view of increasing application of chemical fertilizer and gradually decreasing proportion of organic fertilizer, the resource, utilization and issues of organic fertilizer in China are discussed, then the roles of organic fertilizer to soil and crop are also introduced, finally some countermeasures for development of domestic organic fertilizer are presented, such as extending balanced fertilization, utilizing civic resources of organic fertilizer, developing green manure, and changing straw and stalk to manure. The viewpoint is emphasized that the application of chemical fertilizer is still an important measure to replenish N, P K nutrients in soil, however utilization of organic fertilizer has an active significance to make good use of resource and protect environment.