High-grade B-Cell Lymphoma With MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 Translocations/Rearrangements

Double-hit/triple-hit lymphomas (DH/THLs) are high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements and/or BCL6 rearrangements, which have poor outcomes after standard chemoimmunotherapy. This retrospective study analyzed 51 patients (range, 19 to 82 y) diagnosed from 2016 to 2019 and treated for DH/THL (n=34 MYC / BCL6 DHL, n=14 MYC / BCL2 DHL, n=3 THL) at one institution in South China. Extranodal lesions occurred in 32 patients (62.7%), more frequently in MYC / BCL6 DHL (22/34, 64.7%) than in MYC / BCL2 DHL (7/14, 50%). The most common extranodal sites were the stomach (8/32, 25.0%) and intestine (5/32, 15.6%). Most patients (33/45, 73.3%) presented with Ann Arbor stage III/IV. Interestingly, 14.3% (4/28) of MYC / BCL6 DHL tumors showed diffuse, medium-intensity CD30 expression. Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA was positive in 3 cases, all MYC / BCL6 DHL. Among 48 patients (94.1%) with follow-up data, 18 (37.5%) died owing to the disease, and the median survival was 5.5 months. Germinal center B cells were observed more frequently in MYC / BCL2 DHL (14/14, 100.0%) than in MYC / BCL6 DHL (15/34, 44.1%; P <0.001). Bone marrow involvement tended to lower overall survival (OS) ( P =0.033). No association was observed between stage, B symptoms, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and central nervous system involvement and OS. A total of 25 patients (25/47, 53.2%) with previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections had significantly poorer OS ( P =0.014). Chronic HBV infection was positively correlated with MYC / BCL6 DHL ( r =0.317, P =0.030). Compared with DH/THL in western countries, the disease in South China has distinct characteristics with a higher prevalence of MYC/BCL6 DHL. We speculate that HBV is important in DH/THL tumorigenesis. These findings might provide clues for novel treatment strategies.