Regression and Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Using NMF-TDNet Features From 3D Brain MR Image

With the development of deep learning and medical imaging technology, many researchers use convolutional neural network(CNN) to obtain deep-level features of medical image in order to better classify Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predict clinical scores. The principal component analysis network (PCANet) is a lightweight deep-learning network that mainly uses principal component analysis (PCA) to generate multilevel filter banks for the centralized learning of samples and then performs binarization and generates blockwise histograms to obtain image features. However, the dimensions of the extracted PCANet features reaching tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands, and the formation of the multilevel filter banks is sample data dependent, reducing the flexibility of PCANet. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a data-independent network based on the idea of PCANet, called the nonnegative matrix factorization tensor decomposition network (NMF-TDNet). Specifically, we use nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) instead of PCA to create multilevel filter banks for sample learning, then uses the learning results to build a higher-order tensor and perform tensor decomposition (TD) to achieve data dimensionality reduction, producing the final image features. Finally, our method use these features as the input of the support vector machine (SVM) for AD classification diagnosis and clinical score prediction. The performance of our method is extensively evaluated on the ADNI-1, ADNI-2 and OASIS datasets. The experimental results show that NMF-TDNet can achieve data dimensionality reduction and the NMF-TDNet features as input achieved superior performance than using PCANet features as input.