Persistent Avascular Retina in Infants With a History of Type 2 Retinopathy of Prematurity: To Treat or Not to Treat?

PURPOSE: To investigate persistent avascular retina in infants with type 2 retinopathy of permaturity (ROP) that persisted after 45 weeks' post-menstrual age when regular ROP screening ceased. METHODS: A prospective observational study where fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was completed on consecutive infants who had a history of type 2 ROP and avascular retina during ROP screening that persisted after 45 weeks' post-menstrual age. RESULTS: FFA was completed on 72 eyes of 36 infants (53% male), with a mean gestational age of 26.0 ± 2.2 weeks and a mean birth weight of 834.6 ± 216.3 grams. The mean age at discharge from ROP screening was 47.6 weeks' post-menstrual age. All patients had type 2 ROP at the worst stage of their disease, with predominantly stage 2 disease. FFA was performed at a mean age of 18.8 ± 10.3 months post-menstrual age. All patients had detectable avascular retina in peripheral zone II or III on FFA. Peripheral vessel leakage was present in 3 eyes of 2 infants (5.5%), who both subsequently received peripheral laser treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Premature infants with type 2 ROP may have persistent peripheral avascular retina with unknown long-term ocular complications, which can present management dilemmas. Retinal FFA is recommended to determine retinal ischemia and aid decision making for treatment in these cases. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(4):222-228.].