核酶
核糖核酸
磷酰胺
寡核苷酸
组合化学
翻译(生物学)
化学改性
计算生物学
化学
DNA
生物
信使核糖核酸
基因
生物化学
作者
Marie Flamme,Luke K. McKenzie,Ivo Sarac,Marcel Hollenstein
出处
期刊:Methods
[Elsevier]
日期:2019-05-01
卷期号:161: 64-82
被引量:59
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.03.018
摘要
RNA is often considered as being the vector for the transmission of genetic information from DNA to the protein synthesis machinery. However, besides translation RNA participates in a broad variety of fundamental biological roles such as gene expression and regulation, protein synthesis, and even catalysis of chemical reactions. This variety of function combined with intricate three-dimensional structures and the discovery of over 100 chemical modifications in natural RNAs require chemical methods for the modification of RNAs in order to investigate their mechanism, location, and exact biological roles. In addition, numerous RNA-based tools such as ribozymes, aptamers, or therapeutic oligonucleotides require the presence of additional chemical functionalities to strengthen the nucleosidic backbone against degradation or enhance the desired catalytic or binding properties. Herein, the two main methods for the chemical modification of RNA are presented: solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite precursors and the enzymatic polymerization of nucleoside triphosphates. The different synthetic and biochemical steps required for each method are carefully described and recent examples of practical applications based on these two methods are discussed.
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