Electrochromic-based visualised flexible biosensing platforms: from single device to multifunctional device integration

pressure, sweat, temperature, and humidity sensing) with dynamically responsive electrochromic display units. It dissects the material innovations, structural engineering, and mechanistic principles underpinning individual module performance. It also rigorously analyses advanced alignment protocols for heterointegrated systems and critical challenges. The evolution from discrete flexible sensors to multifunctional visualization platforms represents a shift toward interdisciplinary convergence.