Effect of nano-alumina and graphene oxide on the behavior of geopolymer composites: A state of the art of review

Geopolymer composite has been widely recognized as an environment-friendly alternative to cement composite. Despite its popularity, Geopolymer (GP) has a limited number of real-world applications due to various factors affecting its performance. As a result, various novel techniques are adopted to enhance the performance of geopolymers; one such promising method is the use of nanomaterials. In order to improve material performance, nanomaterials focus on altering the properties of materials at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials influence the characteristics of GPs in their hardened and fresh state by microstructure modifications. The present review study concentrates on the impact of graphene oxide (GO) and nano-alumina (NA) on the behavioral assessment of GP composites, where the microstructural alterations brought on by their use are carefully assessed. Further, the influence of microstructural modifications on the hardened properties, such as mechanical and durability characteristics, as well as the fresh properties, such as workability and setting time, is explored. The review of research studies so far has revealed that GPs included with NA and GO have the potential to enhance the hardened state properties while adversely affecting the properties of the fresh state. Further, NA and GO’s distinct properties enable their use in high-temperature resistant composites, as coatings, and in a variety of uses associated with the environment, including wastewater treatment. However, the cost and energy associated with producing nanomaterials and their detrimental effect on human health and the ecosystem while they are in use prevent their widespread application, necessitating the need for research that balances all aspects.