Polarity coupling in biphasic electrolytes enables iodine/polyiodide co-extraction for portable Zn–iodine batteries following a liquid–liquid conversion route

A biphasic (BP) electrolyte system composed of two immiscible solutions of Zn(TFSI) 2 in EA and ZnSO 4 /KI in water is designed to address the key issues existing in Zn–iodine batteries.