Streptococcus anginosus: the potential role in the progression of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common and aggressive malignancies worldwide, characterized by a poor prognosis. Research on its pathogenesis and progression continues to evolve. Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus, SA) is a Gram-positive coccus commonly found in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, serving as a commensal bacterium in the oral, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. It is frequently associated with abscess formation in various organs and tissues, as well as other purulent infections. In recent years, S. anginosus has gained increasing attention for its role in GC progression, potentially leading to chronic gastric inflammation and precancerous lesions, and ultimately promoting the development of GC. Emerging evidence indicates a strong association between S. anginosus and the malignant progression and unfavorable prognosis of GC. This review summarizes the role and underlying mechanisms of S. anginosus in GC and proposes that S. anginosus plays a pivotal role in its initiation and progression, underscoring its potential therapeutic significance.