Homotypic Membrane-Enhanced Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing and Glioblastoma Targeting for Precise Surgical Resection and Photothermal Therapy

The crossing of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy, and homotypic targeting is an effective strategy to achieve BBB crossing. In this work, GBM patient-derived tumor cell membrane (GBM-PDTCM) is prepared to cloak gold nanorods (AuNRs). Relying on the high homology of the GBM-PDTCM to the brain cell membrane, GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs realize efficient BBB crossing and selective GBM targeting. Meanwhile, owing to the functionalization of Raman reporter and lipophilic fluorophore, GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs are able to generate fluorescence and Raman signals at GBM lesion, and almost all tumor can be precisely resected in 15 min by the guidance of dual signals, ameliorating the surgical treatment for advanced GBM. In addition, photothermal therapy for orthotopic xenograft mice is accomplished by intravenous injection of GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs, doubling the median survival time of the mice, which improves the nonsurgical treatment for early GBM. Therefore, benefiting from homotypic membrane-enhanced BBB crossing and GBM targeting, all-stage GBM can be treated with GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs in distinct ways, providing an alternative idea for the therapy of tumor in the brain.