Long-Term Risks of Cardiovascular Death among Older Patients with Major Hematological Malignancies: A Population-Based Cohort Study from SEER Database

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related death in older patients with major hematological malignancies (HM). Methods: This study included 103,102 older patients diagnosed with seven major types of HM between 1975 and 2018 (median follow-up: 2.7 years) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database. The proportion of deaths, Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards regression model, standardized mortality ratios (SMR), and absolute excess risk (AER) were used to evaluate the risk of CVD-related death. Results: For older patients with HM, CVD-related death ranked as the second leading cause of death, surpassed only by primary malignancy. Compared to the general older population, older patients with HM had higher SMR and AER of CVD-related deaths (SMR: 1.16–1.81; AER: 41.24–308.99), heart disease–related deaths (SMR: 1.19–1.90; AER: 39.23–274.69), and cerebrovascular disease–related deaths (SMR: 0.99–1.66; AER: −0.35 to 24.15). The proportion of deaths and cumulative mortality increased with the passage of survival time, especially in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma with stage I/II and those aged ≥85 years with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, surpassing primary malignancy. The risk of CVD-related death varied among different HM types. Conclusions: For older patients with HM, long-term cardiovascular risk management needs to be focused on while addressing the primary malignancy. Impact: Our results emphasize the need to manage long-term cardiovascular risk in older patients with hematological malignancies, especially in those identified as high-risk cases.