Recent Advances in Hybrid Lithium-Ion Capacitors: Materials and Processes

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) consist of a capacitor-type cathode and a lithium-ion battery-type anode, incorporating the merits of both components. Well-known for their high energy density, superior power density, prolonged cycle life, and commendable safety attributes, LICs have attracted enormous interest in recent years. However, the construction of high-performance LIC devices faces significant constraints due to the inherent kinetic imbalances between the battery-type and the capacitor-type electrode materials and the trade-off between energy density, power density, and cycle stability. Hence, many efforts have been made to develop high-performance LICs. This review mainly focuses on the recent progresses in LICs, particularly containing the cathode and anode active materials, anode prelithiation technologies, conductive additives, and nonaqueous electrolytes. Finally, a summary and outlook are presented to highlight some future challenges for hybrid LICs.