Smartphone‐Based Portable Sensing Systems for Point‐of‐Care Detections

With the recent advancements in manufacturing, communication, and display technologies, smartphones have been eagerly incorporated with handy analytical detectors for healthcare diagnosis. In comparison to conventional analytical biosensor instruments, which are bulky and expensive, smartphone-based point-of-care testing (POCT) devices are equipped with high computing speed, high-resolution image analysis, and a user-friendly human–computer interface, allowing people to implement onsite diagnosis rapidly and accurately. The fusion of sensors and biosensors with smartphones fulfills the requirements of operability and connectivity, together with portability, exerting a profound impact on biosensing systems. In this chapter, we focus on smartphone-based optical sensing, electrochemical sensing, as well as photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing systems. We aim to elaborate on the smartphone-based portable sensing system in terms of our work, including the sensing mechanism, design principle of the smartphone-based portable sensing system, and implementation of biosensing strategies. Besides, designing principles, application scenarios, analytical targets, and future applications are also discussed to emphasize the importance and value of smartphone-based portable sensing systems. With the convergence of these technologies, smartphone-based portable biosensors are promising to be pervasively greeted with popularity and reshape the existing health management approaches.