心理学
吃零食
任务(项目管理)
延迟满足
发展心理学
满足
可靠性(半导体)
控制(管理)
社会心理学
认知心理学
内科学
经济
功率(物理)
管理
肥胖
物理
医学
量子力学
作者
Celeste Kidd,Holly Palmeri,Richard Ν. Aslin
出处
期刊:Cognition
[Elsevier]
日期:2013-01-01
卷期号:126 (1): 109-114
被引量:313
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.004
摘要
Children are notoriously bad at delaying gratification to achieve later, greater rewards (e.g., Piaget, 1970)—and some are worse at waiting than others. Individual differences in the ability-to-wait have been attributed to self-control, in part because of evidence that long-delayers are more successful in later life (e.g., Shoda, Mischel, & Peake, 1990). Here we provide evidence that, in addition to self-control, children’s wait-times are modulated by an implicit, rational decision-making process that considers environmental reliability. We tested children (M = 4;6, N = 28) using a classic paradigm—the marshmallow task (Mischel, 1974)—in an environment demonstrated to be either unreliable or reliable. Children in the reliable condition waited significantly longer than those in the unreliable condition (p < 0.0005), suggesting that children’s wait-times reflected reasoned beliefs about whether waiting would ultimately pay off. Thus, wait-times on sustained delay-of-gratification tasks (e.g., the marshmallow task) may not only reflect differences in self-control abilities, but also beliefs about the stability of the world.
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