ICE-Derived Left Atrial and Left Ventricular Endocardial and Myocardial Speckle Tracking Strain Patterns in Atrial Fibrillation at the Time of Radiofrequency Ablation

Intracardiac echocardiography(ICE) has excellent imaging resolution and border recognition which increase strain measurement accuracy. We hypothesized that left atrial(LA) substrate and functional impairment can be detected by measuring LA strain deformation in patients with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(AF), as compared to those with no AF. Strain deformation changes in LA and left ventricle(LV) can also be assessed post-ablation to determine its effect.ICE-derived speckle tracking strain(STS) was prospectively performed in 96 patients, including 62 patients with AF(31 persistent and 31 paroxysmal AF) pre-/post-ablation, and 34 patients with no AF. We measured major strain parameters including longitudinal segmental(endo/myocardial) "average peak overall strain of all segments"(PkAll), peak strain rate(SR),and different time-to-peak strain in LA and LV images.At baseline, persistent AF patients had significantly lower(p<0.01) LA endocardial(4.3±2.5 vs. 20.3±8.9 and 25.5±12.9 %) and myocardial PkAll(4.4±2.6 vs. 15.7±7.2 and 20.9±9.2 %), endocardial(0.9±0.4 vs. 1.8±0.7 and 2.2±0.6 1/s) and myocardial peak SR(0.7±0.4 vs. 1.5±0.6 and 1.9±0.5 1/s), as compared to paroxysmal AF and no AF patients. After successful ablation, endo-/myocardial LA PkAll and peak SR were significantly improved, most dramatically in patients with persistent AF. LV endocardial/myocardial strain and SR also improved in AF patients post-ablation.LA longitudinal strain(%)/SR(1/s) parameters in AF patients are more abnormal than those with no AF, suggesting LA substrate/functional damage. AF ablation improved LA strains/SR but with values in paroxysmal > persistent AF suggesting background LA damage in persistent AF.