The Naphthalene Catabolic ( nag ) Genes of Ralstonia sp. Strain U2 Are an Operon That Is Regulated by NagR, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator

In Ralstonia sp. strain U2, the nag catabolic genes, which encode the enzymes for the pathway that catabolizes naphthalene via the alternative ring cleavage gentisate pathway, are transcribed as an operon under the same promoter. nagR, which encodes a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, is divergently transcribed compared to the nag catabolic genes. A 4-bp frameshift deletion in nagR demonstrated that NagR is required for expression of the nag operon. The transcriptional start of the nag operon was mapped, and a putative -10, -35 sigma(70)-type promoter binding site was identified. Further upstream, a site proximal to the promoter was identified as a site that has bases which have been found to be conserved in the activator-binding motif of other naphthalene pathways. Transcriptional fusion studies demonstrated that NagR regulates the expression of the nag operon positively in the presence of salicylate and to a lesser extent in the presence of 2-nitrobenzoate. Mutation of the LysR-type activator-binding motif in the nag promoter-proximal region resulted in a loss of inducibility of a lacZ reporter gene transcriptionally fused to nagAa, the first gene of the operon. However, other mutations in the region increased the effectiveness of salicylate as an inducer.