Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology: From fundamentals, devices, to applications

Contact electrification is coupled with electrostatic induction in developing triboelectric nanogenerator as a new energy technology. The triboelectric nanogenerator has two basic operating modes that can be used to harvest a variety of mechanical energy. It provides not only a viable means of powering portable and wearable electronics, but also demonstrates a possible route towards power generation in large scale. This paper makes a comprehensive review on fundamentals, operating modes, device design and performance enhancement of this newly emerged technology.