Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov.

A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIB T , was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIB T were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C 12 –C 19 fatty acids, with C 16 : 0 being the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile comprised six glycolipids, four phospholipids and one lipid that did not stain with any of the specific spray reagents used. The only quinone was MK-6. The predominating cell-wall sugars were glucose and galactose. The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIB T was A1σ lanthionine-direct. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIB T was 28.1 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIB T was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium , including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2 %), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2 %), Clostridium mayombei (96.2 %), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0 %) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5 %). All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85 %) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum , the type species of the genus Clostridium . DNA–DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains indicated reassociation values below 32 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. The novel isolate CRIB T ( = DSM 25109 T = NIZO 4048 T ) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. nov., of the proposed novel genus. It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. nov. Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii , as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum , as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei , as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. nov., and C. irregulare , as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. nov. (type species of the genus), on the basis of additional data collected in this study. In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided.