Efficient afterglow across liquid, hydrogel, and solid states enabled by naphthalimide-doped polyacrylate copolymer emulsions under UV/visible excitation

exceeding 10 s and demonstrating the spectral tunability of this approach across the green-to-red range. This work provides a versatile strategy for designing multistate RTP materials with long afterglow and good processability, showing promise for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and information encryption.