Influences of food sources on reproduction and aggregation pheromone production of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in its adult stage

The dietary importance of sweet persimmon fruit (SPF) was determined in adult bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, by investigating the effect of feeding SPF and soybean seeds and peanut on longevity, weight change, fecundity and ability for pheromone production in the bean bug. Adult female R. pedestris fed on SPF had significantly shorter lifespans than those fed on soybean, while in males there was no significant difference. Males and females fed on SPF were significantly lighter than those fed on soybean seeds. Females fed on SPF did not lay eggs at all, but those fed on soybean laid 155.8 eggs, and those fed on soybean seed complemented with peanut seed laid 120.8 eggs in 50 days. The amount of pheromone components (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate and (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-2-hexenoate produced by male R. pedestris fed on SPF was significantly less than that produced by males fed on soybean. Other pheromone components, tetradecyl isobutyrate and octadecyl isobutyrate, were not produced by adult males fed on SPF. This difference was apparent at one week after emergence and was more at three weeks after emergence. In the present study, we demonstrated that SPF had adverse effect on female survivorship, reproduction of female adults and production of the aggregation pheromone by adult males, compared to soybean food. These results suggested that SPF is unsuitable for adult R. pedestris. Management of nearby vegetation of fruit orchards may play an important role in reducing damage by adult R. pedestris.