Promising osteoplastic materials and surgical technologies in reconstructive treatment of patients with bone nonunion and defects

Introduction Some progress has been made in the development of innovative implantation materials for osteoplastic surgery. However, the problem of bone defect management still remains relevant due to the continued high prevalence of injuries resulting from road accidents, catatrauma, man-made disasters and military operations. The purpose of the work was to analyze the relevant literature and to identify options for solving the problems of bone nonunion and defect management using materials developed on the principles of orthobiology and surgical technologies based on autologous repair. Materials and methods The search for sources was carried out with the ConnectedPapers analytical tool and the capabilities of the eLibrary electronic library using keywords and without restrictions on publication date. Results and discussion Recent publications contain information about the effectiveness of the combination of Masquelet technology and Ilizarov bone transport in patients with acquired and congenital defects, including in the conditions of active purulent infection. According to the literature, a promising autologous bone plastic material is the contents of the bone marrow cavity, containing osteogenic growth factors and bone morphogenetic proteins. Biomaterial is collected using the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator system (RIA) from the intramedullary canal of the femur or tibia. Currently, the effectiveness of bone morphogenetic proteins rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 in the restorative treatment of patients with bone defects and nonunion of various etiologies has actually been proven. The use of bone morphogenetic proteins has been introduced into foreign treatment protocols. Recent positive results of a combination of surgical technologies have proposed the combined use of the Ilizarov and Masquelet technologies, supplemented by PRP therapy. The basis for the expected effect from the combination of surgical technologies and orthobiological materials are the results of preclinical studies of the osteogenic potential of PRP therapy. Conclusion There are grounds for studying the clinical effect of the combined use of surgical technologies based on autologous reparative processes and materials developed on the principles of orthobiology. It is necessary and advisable to clinically implement the use of bone morphogenetic proteins rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 in the reconstructive treatment of patients with bone defects and nonunion of various etiologies. Multicenter clinical studies of a high level of evidence are needed to determine the effectiveness of PRP therapy in the reconstructive treatment of patients with bone nonunion and defects.