Prescriptive maintenance of prestressed concrete bridges considering digital twin and key performance indicator

The demand for improving the efficient management of maintenance systems has continuously increased, and digital twins (DTs) are expected to innovatively transform existing systems. Recently, several studies have attempted to apply DT technology to bridge maintenance, and various types of digital technology and data analyses have been considered. However, most studies on the DTs of bridges have focused on monitoring technology with data processing and lack maintenance considerations. This study defines a DT architecture for concrete bridges by considering the DT and bridge maintenance characteristics and provides an information system and data schema to support it. A comprehensive literature review of infrastructure DTs and an analysis of bridge maintenance standards were conducted to examine this DT architecture, which integrates maintenance data and enhances the efficiency of the decision-making process while considering key performance indicators. In addition, an advanced information system and data schema are presented, considering effective data management and minimal human intervention. DTs are built on a member basis, federated into one bridge DT, and support prescriptive maintenance, which provides a predefined action planning process, optimization, and self-diagnosis.