The role of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in tumor progression via fatty acid metabolism: A comprehensive review

Fatty acid metabolism is a complex biochemical process, including the production, breakdown and application of fatty acids. Not only is it an important component of lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism is also connected to the energy metabolism pathways of cells and plays a vital role in maintaining the energy balance of organisms. Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1 ( DGAT1 ) and Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 2 ( DGAT2 ) are key components in regulating lipid metabolism, which provide energy for cell proliferation and growth. Recent studies have shown that DGAT1 and DGAT2 influence tumor progression through fatty acid metabolism in cancer. Although DGAT1 and DGAT2 have similar names, they differ significantly in various aspects and play distinct roles in individual tumors. A comparative analysis of the physiological roles of these enzymes and their differential expressions in different types of tumors will enhance our understanding of their unique characteristics. This article summarizes the characteristics of tumor fatty acid metabolism and explains how DGAT1 and DGAT2 specifically promote tumor progression. In addition, this review discusses the potential of lipid-lowering drugs in tumor treatment, providing a new perspective on targeting fatty acid metabolism to inhibit tumor progression in the future, while emphasizing the importance of DGAT1 and DGAT2 as potential targets for tumor treatment. • DGAT1 and DGAT2 facilitate the promotion of fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in tumors. • The metabolism of fatty acids plays a crucial role in supplying indispensable energy for the proliferation and growth of tumor cells. • The overexpression of both DGAT1 and DGAT2 facilitates the malignant progression of tumors. • The utilization of lipid-lowering medications holds significant significance in the context of cancer therapy.