The effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters in enhancing enamel conditions versus Duraphat and Icon

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralisation, mechanical, anti‐aging, acid resistance and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) materials with those of Duraphat and Icon. The remineralisation and mechanical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nanoindentation. CPICs induced epitaxial crystal growth on the enamel surface, where the regrown enamel‐like apatite layers had a similar hardness and elastic modulus to natural enamel ( p > 0.05). Acid resistance and anti‐aging properties were tested based on ion dissolution and surface roughness. CPICs exhibited similar calcium and phosphate ion dissolution to the control ( p > 0.05), and its roughness decreased after thermocycling ( p < 0.05), thereby decreasing the risk of enamel surface demineralisation. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.1 mg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 mg/ml. Overall, this biomimetic CPICs is a promising alternative to dental demineralisation.