Hesperidin Improves Wound Healing and Mineralization of Periodontal Ligament Cells in Elevated Glucose Conditions

INTRODUCTION: Elevated glucose can have a detrimental effect on the function and healing process of periodontal cells in inflammatory conditions. Hesperidin (HPN), a bioflavonoid found abundantly in citrus fruits, has numerous biological benefits, including regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. The current in vitro study aimed to assess the impact of HPN on the proliferation, wound healing, and functionality of periodontal cells in optimal and elevated glucose conditions. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) were cultured in optimal glucose (1g/L) (OG) and high glucose (4.5 g/L) (HG) conditions. XTT, wound healing, ALP, and calcium release assays were conducted with or without HPN in the culture media. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed that adding different concentrations of HPN (2, 4, 10, or 100 μM) had no significant effect on the viability of HPDLCs under both OG (p=0.436) and HG conditions (p=0.162) compared to the control. However, in the HG condition, the addition of 100 μM HPN resulted in a statistically significant increase in wound closure (p=0.003). Furthermore, in the HG condition, the addition of 100 μM HPN significantly increased ALP activity in the non-osteogenic media (p=0.001) and significantly increased calcium release within the osteogenic media (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that HPN provides beneficial effects, facilitating repair and mineralization in HPDLCs under HG conditions.