The role of genomics and proteomics in drug discovery and its application in pharmacy

Abstract The Genomic and proteomics have transformed drug development, enabling precision medicine and targeted medicines. Genomics allows the detection of genetic variants and mutations that affect illness susceptibility and therapeutic response, enabling personalised treatments. Proteomics complements this by elucidating protein structures, functions, and interactions, providing insights into disease pathways and potential therapeutic targets. This review explores the synergistic integration of genomics and proteomics in drug discovery, highlighting cutting-edge tools like CRISPR-Cas9, next-generation sequencing (NGS), protein associated with genome editing, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Applications in pharmacy include the identification of biomarkers for drug efficacy and safety, the drug delivery optimization, and the innovation of novel therapeutics for complex diseases. Despite significant progress, challenges such as data integration, ethical considerations, and the high cost of technologies persist. The development of robust bioinformatics tools, collaborative research, and regulatory frameworks shows a key role in translating genomic and proteomic data into clinical practice. These advancements underscore the transformative potential of novel approaches in revolutionizing drug discovery and enhancing patient-centered care in pharmacy, paving the way for innovative therapeutics and improved healthcare outcomes. Graphical abstract