Solid-state transformer: The catalyst for resilient and sustainable smart grids

This paper explores the transformative role of solid-state transformers (SSTs) in enhancing the performance of smart grids and microgrids, focusing on their technological capabilities and contribution to sustainability. Renowned for their flexibility, adaptability, and scalability, SSTs are crucial for improving the resilience of electrical systems, particularly in dynamic infrastructures with multiple loads and renewable energy sources (RES). Key features, such as seamless transitions between grid-connected and island modes, position SSTs as pivotal elements in addressing the challenges posed by the ongoing energy transition. By dynamically mitigating faults and improving power quality, SSTs ensure reliable supply during power outages and disturbances. Computational simulations validate SST's effectiveness in power flow management, reinforcing their capability to optimize power grid stability under both steady and transient states. Thus, this paper highlights how SSTs bridge technical feasibility with sustainability principles, empowering the integration of emerging technologies while strengthening power grid controllability. The integration of grid-following and grid-forming capabilities further ranks SSTs as catalysts for modern power systems, offering significant technological and societal benefits. These characteristics are particularly valuable in regions with limited access to reliable electricity, where SSTs, combined with distributed generation, can promote energy security, economic development, community engagement, and social equity. • SSTs are flexible, scalable, and resilient alternatives to LFTs in modern grids. • Power electronics in SSTs enable grid balancing and bidirectional power flow. • RES, ESS, and EVs are integrated via SSTs in hybrid AC/DC sustainable microgrids. • Despite environmental drawbacks, SSTs offer long-term technical and social benefits. • SSTs shift to grid-forming mode to ensure reliable supply during grid outages.