How does artificial intelligence affect human capital structure? Evidence from Chinese listed enterprises

Exploring the intrinsic relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and the adjustment of human capital structure is crucial for stabilizing employment and improving livelihoods. Using a sample of A-share listed enterprises from 2007 to 2022, this study empirically investigates the impact of corporate AI innovation on the structure of human capital. The findings reveal that improvements in corporate AI innovation significantly promote the upgrading and optimization of human capital structures. Specifically, enhanced AI innovation leads to technological advancement, reduces the proportion of low-educated labour, and facilitates the structural upgrading of human capital. The positive effect of AI on human capital structure is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, firms with high R&D intensity, those located in provinces with fewer universities, and those based in new first-tier cities. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in designing and adjusting talent employment strategies and policies supporting technological enterprises.