Tetramethylpyrazine modulates airway inflammation and remodeling in bronchial asthma: A review

Bronchial Asthma, characterized by chronic airway inflammation and remodeling, poses significant clinical challenges. Long-term use of conventional therapies often leads to metabolic complications and drug resistance. The bioactive alkaloid Tetramethylpyrazine, derived from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Apiaceae), demonstrates multi-target therapeutic potential through pathway modulation. TMP restores Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune balance via Gαs/cAMP/PKA and AMPK/NF-κB signaling while suppressing ORMDL3-mediated collagen deposition. Clinical evidence demonstrates effective symptom alleviation with minimal adverse effects, establishing TMP as a promising complementary strategy for asthma management.