Detection of a Moving Magnetic Dipole Target Using Multiple Scalar Magnetometers

A detection procedure for a moving magnetic dipole target by using at least three scalar magnetometers is proposed in this letter. The magnetometers are deployed on the ground or seafloor, while the target is traveling along a straight line at a constant speed above the ground. First, the range from each magnetometer to the closest point of approach (CPA) on the flight line as well as the instant that the target passes by the CPA is estimated by adopting the orthonormal basis function expansion method. Then, the moving parameters, including the moving direction, speed, and elevation, are found through basic geometry relations. Finally, the magnetic moment is determined by solving a linear system by using the least-squares method. Both simulated and field experimental data are employed to demonstrate the proposed scheme.