Objective To know the effect of rural domestic sewage treatment.Methods The sewage samples from the entrance and exit of the two type domestic sewage treatment systems of stability pond and biochemical treatment system in Qingyunpu,Nanchang,Jiangxi province were tested in September 2010.Results The qualified rates of the sewage samples were significantly raised by two types of domestic sewage treatment systems.The colority,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,suspended substance,BOD5 and COD in domestic sewage were significantly reduced,and the pH value increased significantly in two types of domestic sewage treatment systems.The removing rates of the former seven indexes by the biochemical treatment system were more than the stability pond.Conclusion The effect of domestic sewage treatment by the biochemical system is more significant compared with that of stability pond.