Solvated ion transport in hierarchical tremella-like ionic membranes for low-power and high-sensitivity ethanol sensing

across 5-500 ppm, specific selectivity to ethanol, stable reversibility over 100 cycles, and ultralow power consumption of only 0.28 μW. Experimental and simulation results confirm that the enhanced sensing performance stems from solvated ion transport within nanoconfined channels. Notably, the membranes maintain detection efficiency under varying humidity conditions, demonstrating practical applicability in both food quality assessment (30-40% RH) and intoxicated driving monitoring (80-90% RH). It is envisioned that the deepened understanding of solvated ion transport within nanoconfined channels will advance the development of bioinspired olfactory perception and integrated sensing systems.