Identification of surgical human-robot interactions and measures during robotic-assisted surgery: A scoping review

This study aims to identify the dynamics of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) teams and their metrics. A scoping review across seven science, engineering, and clinical databases was conducted. It was found that literature focuses on skills and interactions centralized around the surgeon and technical components of the robotic system; however, limited literature exists on skill proceduralization specific for other surgical team members performing robotic-assisted surgery procedures. A framework that identifies the individuals (i.e., surgeon, surgical team members, and robotic platform), with their respective skill requirements (technical and nontechnical), and the required interactions among the team and RAS systems was developed. Future research in RAS human-robot interaction can address the need to understand changing dynamics and skills required by the surgical team with the continuing evolution and adoption of surgical robot technology.