Self-mixing anti-corrosive Zn-In powder composite anode with ultra-long lifespan for aqueous zinc-ion battery

Appropriate design of electrode structure and chemistry for Zn metal anode is important to the kinetics and electrochemical stability of Zn in aqueous batteries. Herein, In modified Zn powder electrode with carbon nanofibers as the stable electric conductive matrix provides an effective approach to simultaneously enhance reaction kinetics and inhibit H2 generation reactions. The designed Zn–In powder electrode presents self-mixing In distribution within the electrode during cycling thus enabling superior anti-corrasion and stable conductive network that significantly alters the Zn deposition behavior. Instant 3D Zn deposition with super-fast interfacial kinetics is achieved due to favorable Zn nucleation and growth as well as suppressed side reactions. Stable cycling of over 6300 h is achieved, which is 30-fold longer lifespan than Zn foil anode. Even at 5 mA cm−2, 5 mAh cm−2 (depth of discharge: 31.1%), Zn–In powder anode still presents stable cycling of over 500 h and low polarization voltage. Ultra-long cycle life of over 20,000 cycles can be achieved for full cells using Zn–In powder electrode paired with V2O5 cathode. Modified composite Zn powder electrode provides an effective and practical approach to address the electrochemical stability of Zn-based anodes in rechargeable cells.