The effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on physicochemical properties of starch from fermented proso millet flour

A waxy and a non-waxy proso millet flour were each fermented by Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus plantarum. The samples were fermented for one to five days, and starch was isolated from the fermented flours. The pH of fermented proso millet flour ranged from 3.27 to 3.6. The starch morphology of fermented samples differed from that of raw starches, with surface indentations and small pores leading to granule channels observed on the granule. The gelatinization temperatures were significantly decreased, whereas the enthalpies were not affected by fermentation. Peak and final viscosities were decreased after fermentation. The hardness of Lb. fermentum and Lb. plantarum fermented waxy starch gels was decreased, but the non-waxy samples fermented by Lb. amylovorus had significantly increased hardness. The adhesiveness of the starch gels from fermented samples was significantly increased. Lactic acid fermentation had significant effects on the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch.