Recent progress and fundamentals of solid-state electrolytes for all solid-state rechargeable batteries: Mechanisms, challenges, and applications

The possible resolution of challenges encountered by liquid electrolytes, together with the broadening of prospective applications, probably achieved via the advancement of secure, reliable, and safe solid-electrolyte chemistries and technologies. Due to the solubility of lithium and other metals in organic/aqueous liquid electrolytes and ensuing safety concerns, traditional Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and all other multivalent batteries face their greatest challenges. In order to tackle these concerns, a viable strategy involves substituting traditional liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes. This study conducts a comprehensive examination of the chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical characteristics present in two well-studied categories of inorganic solid electrolytes: oxides and sulfides, complemented by an exploration of polymer solid electrolytes. In this review manuscript, we extensively discuss the mechanism behind the challenges encountered in the combination of solid electrolyte-based LIBs, lithium‑sulfur batteries (LSBs), and other multivalent ion batteries. In this paper, we also emphasize the different problems, kinds, and performances associated with Solid State Electrolytes (SSEs). Furthermore, this paper examines and conducts a comparative analysis of the current cutting-edge applications of various methodologies. In order to speed up the commercialization of all solid-state batteries (ASSBs) and bridge the gap between basic research and real-world applications, we highlighted the key factors that affect the energy density of LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), LSBs, and other types of ASSBs. Furthermore, we present potential strategies to alleviate these issues. In conclusion, this study examines future views, recommendations, and selected interface engineering techniques for addressing the aforementioned issues. These all aspects and challenges are thoroughly explored and described in the present review.