Circulating microvesicles miR139‐3p from bronchopulmonary dysplasia aggravates pulmonary vascular simplification by targeting 4E binding protein 1

Abstract Background Microvesicles (MVs) play a crucial role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). There are many MVs in circulating plasma, and they are in direct contact with lung endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanism and causative effect of circulating MVs on BPD remain unclear. Methods Clinical plasma samples were collected, circulating MVs were isolated, and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed. The BPD model was established, and different MVs were administered. Alveoli and pulmonary vessels were examined by hematoxylin–eosin staining, and body weight and length were measured. In vitro , gene expression was disrupted by miRNA mimics, miRNA inhibitors or plasmid transfection. Cell proliferation and protein expression were detected by cell scratch assay, accurate 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine test, western blotting, or immunofluorescence assay. Results BPD‐derived MVs further aggravated pulmonary vascular simplification, while circulating MVs from control mice mitigated pulmonary vascular simplification. Micro‐RNA sequencing and independent sample verification revealed that miR139‐3p, but not miR6125 or miR193b‐3p, was the most critical effector molecule in MVs. Mechanism studies showed that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 was the target gene for miR139‐3p. In addition, we found that supplementation of miR139‐3p inhibitor partially alleviated pulmonary vascular simplification. Conclusions These results indicate that circulating MVs are involved in forming BPD by carrying miR139‐3p molecules and support miR139‐3p inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating pulmonary vascular simplification in BPD.