Transcriptome profiling reveals the protective mechanism of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides against oxidative damage of IEC‐6 cell

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides (SCP3) can alleviate intestinal oxidative stress (OS) damage by improving the antioxidant capacity of the intestine, but its mechanism still needs further exploration. This study aimed to reveal the possible underlying protective mechanism of SCP3 against OS damage of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC‐6) based on transcriptome profiling. The results showed that SCP3 could increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduce the production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. In addition, the SCP3 could also alleviate the H 2 O 2 ‐induced high apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential decrease in IEC‐6 cells. RNA‐sequencing results showed that there were 2152 differentially expressed genes between the control group and the SCP3 group, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathways are the main signaling pathways that contributed to SCP3 protecting IEC‐6 cells from OS damage. In summary, the SCP3 plays a role in improving intestinal cell damage by inhibiting OS, which may be closely related to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Practical Application This study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides as an antioxidant ingredient in auxiliary medicines and functional foods.