A Coordinated Multi-Energy Trading Framework for Strategic Hydrogen Provider in Electricity and Hydrogen Markets

This paper proposes a multi-energy trading framework for a hybrid-renewable-to-H2 provider (HP) to coordinate the interaction and trading of electricity and H2 while promoting the efficient accommodation of renewable energy resources (RESs). In this framework, the HP can harvest hybrid RESs for green H2 production based on electrochemical effects of biomass electrolysis, and procure stacked profits from both the electricity and H2 markets by the flexibility of electricity-H2 conversion. A Vickrey auction-based pricing mechanism is developed to determine the trading price and quantity of H2 while eliciting truthful offers and bids in a competitive H2 market. Then, a single-leader-multiple-follower Stackelberg game with an iterative solution algorithm is formulated to capture the interactions between the H2 auctioneer and hydrogen fueling stations (HFSs) for achieving the win-win goal. Furthermore, a hybrid-renewable-to-H2 production and control method is proposed for the HP to raise the production efficiency of green H2 and suppress large fluctuations in electrolysis current caused by RES uncertainties. Comparative studies have validated the superiority of the proposed methodology on economic performance and RES accommodation.