Nanoparticle-Based Therapy in Chronic Obstructive and Infectious Lung Diseases: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives

Inhalable nanoparticulate nanomedicines has appeared as a promisor strategy for oral and/or intravenous administration, once it improves the therapeutic efficacy by decreasing the effective therapeutic dose needed and consequently reducing the risk of systemic side effects associated with high serum doses. In addition, according to Patil-Gadhe et al., montelukast incorporated into a nanostructured lipid carrier presented a greater systemic bioavailability and ability to bypass hepatic metabolism, with a consequent reduction in hepatocellular toxicity. From the beginning, nanotechnology applications have raised concerns over risks to human health and guidelines have not been established to determine the NNMs toxic potential. Among the multiple pulmonary disorders, chronic respiratory diseases, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been the most leading causes of death worldwide, where the lack of cell specific targeting has limited the therapeutic options available.