Intracellular Messenger Substances: “Second Messengers”

This chapter contains sections titled: General Functions of Intracellular Messenger Substances cAMP cGMP Metabolism of Inositol Phospholipids and Inositol Phosphates Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate and Release of Ca2+ Release of Ca2+ from Ca2+ Storage Influx of Ca2+ from the Extracellular Region Removal and Storage of Ca2+ Temporal and Spatial Changes in Ca2+ Concentration Phosphatidyl Inositol Phosphates and PI3-Kinase PI3-Kinases The Messenger Substance PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 Akt Kinase and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 Signaling Functions of PtIns(4,5)P2 Ca2+ as a Signal Molecule Calmodulin as a Ca2+ Receptor Target Proteins of Ca2+/Calmodulin Other Ca2+ Receptors Diacylglycerol as a Signal Molecule Other Lipid Messengers The NO Signaling Molecule Reactivity and Stability of NO Synthesis of NO Physiological Functions and Attack Points of NO