Directing and activating effects

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Polar Effect of Substituents Correlation Between Structure and Reactivity Equilibria Nucleophilic Aliphatic Displacement Reactions Nucleophilic Aromatic Displacement Reactions Nucleophilic Addition and Substitution at Carboxyl Groups Electrophilic Aliphatic Reactions Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Acknowledgments References