LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTION TRANSFORMATION: A HISTORICAL REVIEW (A CASE STUDY AT COASTAL FISHING COMMUNITY OF UJUNG KULON)

Development program in fishing village has an impact on livelihood and economic institution transformation of coastal fishing community in Ujung Kulon, Banten Province, Indonesia. The research aims to study the livelihood and economic institution transformation occurred in coastal fishing community through historical review related to development process that change the society’s economic system as a whole. Research method used is qualitative research with research type of study case. Research result found that fishing community has undergone livelihood transformation as a part of social transformation occurred as an impact of development. The livelihood transformation consists of livelihood change in some of the society from subsistence farmer and forest product collector into various livelihood societies. Livelihood strategy is applied through multiple livelihood patterns where fishing is combined with other livelihoods. In addition, fisherman households develop livelihood strategy based on the utilization of productive employment in their household (multiple actors or straddling strategy); where each member of the fisherman household has role in the livelihood. Further, fishing community at Ujung Kulon coastal area changes the economic institution as an adaptive mechanism required for society in the social transformation process occurred. The important change on economic institutions is started from economic transaction institution of barter, patron client with traditional norm and patron client with market economic norm.