3D FDTD modelling of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers

We investigated the beam divergence in far-field region, diffraction loss and optical confinement factors of semiconductor photonic crystal surface emitting lasers containing either InGaP/GaAs or InGaP/air photonic crystals. The maximum in-plane feedback in PCSELs with InGaP/GaAs PCs has been observed at the ratio between PC atom radius and the lattice constant of 0.2 and 0.38. The surface emission grows as the size of atom increases.