An Ensemble Learning-Based Data-Driven Method for Online State-of-Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The state-of-health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of great importance to the safety of systems. In this article, a novel ensemble learning method is proposed to accurately estimate the SOH of LIBs. A feature defined as the duration of the same charging voltage range (DSCVR) is extracted as the key health indicator for the LIB. The Pearson correlation analysis is performed to select four optimal indicators that are used as inputs of the prediction model. A random learning algorithm named extreme learning machine (ELM) is applied to extract the mapping knowledge relationship between the health indicators and the SOH due to its fast learning speed and efficient tuning mechanism. Moreover, an ensemble learning structure is proposed to reduce the prediction error of the single ELM models. A reliable decision-making rule is then designed to evaluate the credibility of the output of each single ELM model and remove the unreliable outputs, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the estimation results. The testing results on two public data sets show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the SOH in 1 ms and is robust to the operating temperature and load profile. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) is as low as 0.78%. The proposed method does not require any additional hardware or downtime of the system, which makes the method suitable for online practical applications.