Disc Inflammation Potentially Promotes Axonal Regeneration of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Innervating Lumbar Intervertebral Disc in Rats

In Brief Study Design. The expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a marker of axonal growth, in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral disc was assessed using the retrograde tracing method and immunohistochemistry. Objectives. To study whether disc inflammation affects GAP-43 expression in DRG neurons innervating the disc in rats. Summary and Background Data. Persistent inflammation and nerve ingrowth into the inner layer of degenerated discs can be a cause of discogenic pain. Although the presence of GAP-43-expressing nerve fibers in painful discs has been reported, the expression of GAP-43 in DRG neurons innervating the disc has not been studied. Methods. Seven days after the application of Fluoro-Gold to the L5–L6 disc, 50 μL of saline (n = 10, control group) or complete Freund’s adjuvant (n = 10, inflammatory group) was applied to the disc in rats. Ten days after the Fluoro-Gold application, T13–L5 DRGs were double-stained with GAP-43 and either calcitonin gene-related peptide or isolectin B4 (IB4). Results. The percentage of Fluoro-Gold-labeled neurons that were positive for GAP-43 was significantly higher in the inflammatory group (44%) than in the control group (24%, P < 0.001). In both groups, the majority of GAP-43-positive neurons were small and positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide but not IB4. Conclusions. The present results suggest that disc inflammation potentially promotes axonal growth of DRG neurons innervating the disc. In light of the strong correlation between the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nerve growth factor receptor, it is most likely that nerve growth factor-sensitive DRG neurons extend their axons following disc inflammation. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral disc was investigated. The expression of GAP-43 in DRG neurons innervating the disc was upregulated by disc inflammation, suggesting that disc inflammation potentially promotes axonal growth of the DRG neurons. Most of the GAP-43-positive neurons were small and also expressed calcitonin gene-related peptide.