Electrical explosion is a new technology to prepare high purity nanometer powder materials.This technology has many characteristics such as,high efficiency of utilizing energy,convenience of adjusting the process parameters and good versatility.Mechanism for fabrication of nanometer powder materials by electrical explosion of metal fibers was analyzed in this paper.Progress of the research on the electrical explosion method in the fabrication of nanometer powder materials was summarized.As to the nonmetallic nanometer materials,the application prospect of electrical explosion method in fabrication of nano-carbon materials is mainly introduced.Finally,further research directions were proposed.